A liver shunt, also known as a portosystemic shunt (PSS), is a condition where blood bypasses the liver instead of being properly filtered. This can allow toxins to circulate throughout the body, leading to serious health issues if left untreated.
At Alta Vista Animal Hospital, we help pet owners understand liver shunts, recognize symptoms early, and provide guidance on effective care and treatment options.
What Causes Liver Shunts?
Liver shunts can be congenital (present at birth) or acquired (developing later in life):
- Congenital Shunts: Often due to genetic defects, commonly seen in small breeds such as Yorkshire Terriers, Maltese, and Miniature Schnauzers
- Acquired Shunts: Develop in response to chronic liver disease or increased pressure in liver blood vessels
The result is that the liver cannot properly process toxins, leading to systemic effects that impact a dog’s overall health.
Common Symptoms of Liver Shunts
Symptoms can vary depending on the size and severity of the shunt but often include:
- Poor growth or stunted development in puppies
- Lethargy or unusual tiredness
- Vomiting or diarrhea
- Increased thirst and urination
- Neurological signs such as disorientation, confusion, or seizures
- Bad breath (ammonia-like odor)
- Difficulty maintaining weight despite normal appetite
Subtle signs can be overlooked, so careful observation is essential.
How Liver Shunts Are Diagnosed
Diagnosis typically involves a combination of veterinary assessments and specialized tests:
- Blood Tests: Check for elevated liver enzymes and abnormal bile acids
- Ultrasound or CT Scans: Visualize abnormal blood flow to confirm the shunt
- Portography or Angiography: Provides detailed images of the liver’s blood vessels
- Physical Examination: Identifies small breed predispositions and growth issues
Early and accurate diagnosis ensures timely treatment and better outcomes.
Treatment and Management
Treatment depends on the type and severity of the shunt:
Surgical Intervention
- Surgical correction redirects blood flow through the liver
- Often recommended for congenital shunts, especially in young dogs
- Improves quality of life and long-term prognosis
Medical Management
- For dogs not suitable for surgery, medications help manage symptoms:
- Antibiotics to reduce gut bacteria producing toxins
- Lactulose to trap toxins in the intestines
- Dietary adjustments to reduce protein load on the liver
Nutritional Support
- Prescription diets designed for liver support
- Balanced nutrition helps reduce toxin buildup and maintain energy
Regular Monitoring
- Routine blood tests to monitor liver function and toxin levels
- Behavioral and growth assessments to track progress
Supporting Your Dog at Home
- Maintain a calm environment to minimize stress
- Monitor appetite, weight, and energy levels closely
- Ensure consistent medication and diet adherence
- Watch for any changes in behavior or neurological signs
With attentive care, dogs with liver shunts can live fulfilling lives, especially with early detection and treatment.
When to Contact Your Veterinarian
If your dog shows vomiting, lethargy, poor growth, or neurological signs, contact Alta Vista Animal Hospital promptly. Early evaluation and intervention are crucial for managing liver shunts effectively and improving outcomes.
Call us to schedule a consultation and receive expert guidance on your dog’s liver health and personalized care.